Are some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence(智力)developed by our environment and our experience? Strangely enough, the answer to both these questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius(天才)out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of a persons intelligence are fixed at birth, but whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways. It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. Thus, if we take two unrelated people at random(随意)from the population. it is likely that their degrees of intelligence will be completely different. If on the other hand we take identical twins, they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth. Imagine now that we take two identical(同一的)twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part. This conclusion us also supported by the fact that people who live in close contact with(与……相接触)each other, but who are not related at all, are likely to have similar degress of intelligence.

The author’s purpose of writing this passage is______.

A．to emphasize the importance of environment in intelligence development

B．to argue that factories should beautify the dull setting

C．to explain how birth and environment influence intelligence

D．to support the view that both birth and environment influence intelligence

Which of the following groups of people are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence?

A．Two identical twins who raised and educated in different environments.

B．People who are neither in close contact nor related at all.

C．People who don’t live in close contact but are closely related.

D．People who live in close contact but are not related at all.

To show that intellingence depends on birth, we may______.

A．have two identical twins’ blood tested, and then compare the results

B．have two unrelated people’s blood tested, and then compare the results

C．respectively examine the intelligence of brothers and sisters as well as that of parents and children, and then compare the results

D．respectively examine the intelligence of two identical twins as well as that of two unrelated people taken at random, and then compare the results

As farasintelligence is concerned, most experts now believe that______.

A．birth is more important than environment

B．environment plays a more important role than birth

C．birth and environment are both important

D．neither birth nor environment really matters

According to the text, a child______.

A．born with low intelligence will never become a genius

B．born with low intelligence become a genius through special education

C．living in rich and varied surroundings will develop his intelligence beyond the limits fixed at birth

D．living in a boring situation will not develop his intelligence at all

______ he was a regular customer, the boss allowed 10% discount off the prices of the goods. Giving Given that Giving that To give that

The mechanic examined the car engine______ but could find nothing wrong with it. throughout exactly thoroughly altogether

This is______ the first time you have been late. under no circumstances on no account by no means for no reason

______ nothing more to discuss, the CEO got to his feet, said goodbye and left the meeting room. There was Being There being As there being

Now many people buy______Christmas trees instead of real ones. false fake sham artificial

Although he is only 5 years old, he has a______ imagination. furtive fertile frank furious

We______ so as not to wake the roommates. whispered moaned grunted muttered

The foreign guests, ______were scientists, were warmly welcomed at the train station. most of them most of whom most of that most of those

A lot of ______ can be mentioned as essential for explaining the puzzling phenomenon. factions facades factors sides

Only if I can understand what you are listening to, ______ write it down correctly. I shall shall I I can can I

There was a______ drop in support for the Union in the 1988 election. delicate distinct distant downward

______, I couldn’t find the way to the post office. However hard I tried However I tried hard However hard I try Whatever I tried hard

Honeybees cannot live alone. Their body structure and instincts equip them for life in a colony(群居)or community, where they have a complex social organization and the various duties are divided among the individuals according to physical fitness and age. An individual worker bee cannot reproduce itself. While it may continue to live if forcibly isolated from its mates， it fails to care for itself adequately(足够), and soon dies. Most insects have the ability to hibernate(冬眠)in winter, but the honeybee seems to have lost this. Since at low temperatures the bee will die, it must have the ability to make its own environment, so far as temperature is concerned. This makes a colony necessary to the bees in winter, so that they may collectively warm each other. Efficiency, if not necessity, demands that the work of the colony be divided, and such a division of labor tends to increase the need to maintain the colony. The physical structure of the honeybee is further suited for the defense of the entire colony rather than for its own defense. The bee’s barbed(有刺的)sting is used only once and is made more effective by the fact that it is left behind in the victim. With the loss of the sting, however, the bee dies. This kind of defensive weapon is not of service to the individual, but to the community.

For many years, scientists couldn’t figure out how atoms and molecules(分子)on the Earth combined to make living things. Plants, fishes, dinosaurs(恐龙), and people are made of atoms and molecules, but they are put together in a more complicated way than the molecules in the primitive ocean. What’s more, living things, that have energy and can reproduce on the Earth four billion years ago were lifeless. After years of study, scientists figured out that living things, including human bodies, are basically made of amino acids and nucleotide(氨基酸与核苷酸)bases. These are molecules with millions of hydrogen(氢), carbon(碳), nitrogen(氮), and oxygen atom. How could such complicated molecules have been formed in the primitive soup? Scientists were stumped(难住). Then, in 1953, two scientists named Harold Urey and Stanley L. Miller did a very simple experiment to find out what had happened on the primitive Earth. They set up some tubes and bottles in a closed loop(线圈), and put in some of the same gases that were present in the atmosphere four billion years ago: water vapor, carbon dioxide(二氧化碳), methane(甲烷), and hydrogen. Then they shot an electric spark through the gases to simulate(模拟)bolts(闪电)of lightning on the ancient Earth, circulated the gases through some water, sent them back for more sparks, and so on. After seven days, the water that the gases had been bubbling(起跑)through had turned brown. Some new chemicals were dissolved in it . When Miller and Urey analyzed the liquid, they found that it contained amino acids—the very kind of molecules found in all living things.

Misjudging someone’s use of silence can take place in many contexts and on many levels.

当我给他打电话时，他出去了。

古来一切有成就的人，都很严肃地对待自己的生命。

在讨论这个问题之前，我要给你们读点东西。

In Britain, the best season of the year is probably______ spring. latter later last late

I broke my relationship with Anne because she always found______. error mistake flaw fault