Human needs seem endless. When a hungry man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat, when a manager gets a new sports car, a big house and pleasure boats dance into view. The needs of mankind are thought to be made up several levels. When there is money enough to satisfy one level of needs, another level appears. The first and most basic level of needs involves food. Once this level is satisfied, the second level of needs, clothing and some sort of shelter, appears. By the end of World War II, these needs were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as automobiles and new houses. By 1957 or 1958 this third level of needs was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s, a fourth level of needs appeared; the “life-enriching“ level. While the other levels involve physical satisfaction, that is, the need in comfort, safety, and transportation, this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called “luxury“ items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical and dental care, and recreation. Also included here are fancy goods and the latest styles in clothing. On the fourth level, a lot of money is spent on services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of needs as their income increases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level? A fifth level would probably involve needs that can be achieved best by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crime, and prejudice. After filling our stomachs, our clothes closets, our garages, our teeth, and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure to enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.

According to the passage, man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when______.

A．he has saved up enough money

B．he has grown dissatisfied with his simple shelter

C．he has satisfied his hunger

D．he has learned to build houses

What is the main concern of man on the fourth level?

A．The more goods the better.

B．The more mental satisfaction the better.

C．The more “luxury“ items the better.

D．The more earnings the better.

The author is inclined to think that a fifth level______.

A．would be little better than the fourth level

B．may be a lot more desirable than the first four

C．can be the last and most satisfying level

D．will become attainable if the government takes actions

If it______tomorrow, we will go to the park to take pictures. will snow would snow snows snowed

The flowers looked as if they______for a long time. haven’t watered didn’t water hadn’t been watered watered

Had it not been for his carelessness, David______ the first prize in the mathematics contest. would win would have won will win won

______of an unhappy marriage, she felt greatly relieved and was eager to embrace a new life. To be free Freeing To free Freed

I am sorry! I kept______for such a long time, for the machine didn’t work properly. you waited you wait you to wait you waiting

Not only______the nurses want a pay increase, they wanted reduced hours as well. did do have had

The chairman______unexpectedly at the meeting. We thought he was still in hospital. turned in turned over turned up turned down

It’s so pleasant to stand in the forest and______fresh air. take in take out bring in come out

He kept walking up and down, which was a sure______that he was worried. sign character nature end

Recently a kind of traditional Chinese medicine is quite popular in the United States, for it is effective to______patients of their cough. treat mend recover cure

The great scientist worked 10 hours a day______his old age. in spite of in spite despite of despite with

As I changed my plan, I phoned the hotel to______ my reservation. accept cancel refuse reach

Asking about a lady’s age is considered to be an_____ question in western cultures. embarrassing interesting embarrassed interested

To be a good teacher, you need some of the gifts of a good actor, you must be able to【C1】______the attention and interest of your students, you must be a【C2】______speaker, with a good, strong, 【C3】______voice which is fully under your control; and you must be able to【C4】______what you are teaching, in order to make its meaning clear.【C5】______a good teacher, and you will see that he does not sit still【C6】______his class: he stands the whole time he is teaching; he walks about, using his【C7】______, hands and fingers to help him in his explanations, and his face to express feeling. Listen to him, and you will【C8】______the loudness, the quality and the musical note of his voice always【C9】______according to what he is【C10】______about. The fact that a good teacher has some of the gifts of a good actor doesn’t【C11】______that he will indeed be able to act【C12】______on the stage, for there are very important【C13】______between the teacher’s work and the actor’s. The actor has to speak words which he has learnt by heart; he has to repeat exactly the【C14】______words each time he plays a certain part, 【C15】______his movements and the way in which he uses his voice are usually【C16】______beforehand. What he has to do is to make all these carefully learnt words and actions seem【C17】______on the stage. A good teacher【C18】______in quite a different way. His students take an active part in his【C19】______; they ask and answer questions, they obey orders, and if they don’t obey something, they will say no. The teacher therefore has to suit his act to the needs of the students. He cannot learn his part by heart, but must【C20】______it as he goes along.

It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called “luxury“ items.

In some city centers, workaholism is so common that people do not consider it unusual.

著名电影导演大卫被邀请来参加电影节。

现在的自然环境比10年前好多了。

She sent her two children to the boarding school when______was only eight. the youngest the most younger the younger the more younger

The person I trusted most was a friend ______ I had been cooperating in business for a long time. whom with whom with who that

According to the passage, man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when______.

It can be inferred from the passage that by the end of the World War A most Americans______.

Which of the following is NOT related to “physical satisfaction“?

What is the main concern of man on the fourth level?

The author is inclined to think that a fifth level______.